Welcome to my “PC issues-iii.”
Q: Overheating of the GPU
A: All modern video cards are equipped with a sufficiently powerful graphics processor, which generates a lot of heat during operation. That's why the video cards use an additional cooling system in the form of a cooling fan, and sometimes an entire mini turbine. You can rate the temperature of the GPU by touching its radiator. If you evaluate the temperature of the radiator as "hot" or "very hot", you should check the cooling system of the video card.
The cause of GPU overheating may be insufficient cooling.
1. Make sure the GPU cooling fan is working. Otherwise, replace the fan.
2. Remove the video card from the slot.
3. Clean the dust that accumulates between the fan blades and the fins of the radiator.
4. If the radiator is removable, remove it from the GPU.
5. Evaluate the state of the heat-conducting paste between the surface of the GPU and the radiator pad. It is best to remove the old thermal grease.
6. Apply a new layer of thermal paste and install the radiator back.
7. Reinstall the video card.
8. Test the system by running a task that loads the graphics processor. The program FurMark is well suited.
Note: The cause of GPU overheating may also be a feature of the arrangement of components inside the chassis of the system unit. For example, if an expansion card (for example, a modem / TV card) is directly in front of the GPU cooling fan, it prevents airflow from flowing to the fan. As a result, the fan drives hot air to the radiator, thus not ensuring its cooling. In the presence of free slots, it is recommended to install expansion cards so that there is enough free space in front of the GPU fan. If such a condition is not possible, try installing an additional fan to blow cold air.
Q: How can I extend the life of hard drives?
1. Power
The problem of power supply to hard drives has become noticeably aggravated lately. Failures and failures of railways have become more frequent due to variations in supply voltage, ripple and interference in supply circuits and other similar factors. This resulted in the shortcomings of mass power supplies (PSUs) that are lagging behind new requirements and loads, as well as the increased sensitivity of modern drives to the quality of power.
1.1. Disk problems
The capriciousness of the current railways is in many respects natural. This led to a steady increase in technical characteristics, especially the recording density and access time. It is clear, for example, that the rapid positioning of heads (on paths with a width of a fraction of a micron!) Requires an exactly controlled current in the deflecting coil, and any voltage drops interfere with the process.
However, a significant role is played by manufacturers' policies. In the name of reducing the cost of discs, they tend to maximally reduce the cost of electronics (licked for years, mechanics to cheapen almost nowhere, despite the fact that its share in the total cost of the product reaches 90%).
With each new ruler, board sizes and the number of discrete parts are reduced: stabilizers and filters are reduced, power circuits are integrated with signal circuits in custom chips, etc. All this reduces the safety factor of the HDD, and unstable power at the minimum slows down the work and causes malfunctions, and as a maximum - disables the drive. Consider this influence in more detail.
3.5 "disks are powered by 5 V lines (processor and other signal circuits) and 12 V (spindle motor and actuator), and the main problems, as it happens, delivers the 12 V circuit. The fact is that this line experiences a sharp surge in load when the disk is turned on, when the spindle unwinds and the magnetic head unit is unpacked. Starting current for 4-15 seconds reaches 1.2-2.5 A, with steady consumption of only 0.4-0.9 A. Especially gluttonous in this regard, Seagate Barracuda: so, in the family 7200.11 peak consumption can reach 3.0 A.
In typical BPs, the 12V line does not have its own independent stabilization system, and when the load increases, the voltage can be "lawfully" reduced by 0.5-0.6 V (the ATX standard allows deviations of ± 5% of the nominal value, which in this case is the range 11.4-12.6V) . Add to this the voltage drop in the connecting wires and connectors, and we get on the rail contacts up to 11.3 V, at which many disks can no longer work properly. The latest Seagate models, for example, require at least 11.5 V.
Follow-up circuits, in order to avoid the heads falling on the plates, emergency park the BMG and stop the spindle. Consumption by 12 V decreases, stabilization in the power supply unit is restored, and at nominal voltages the disk enters a new start cycle.
Outwardly, all this looks like a click inside the system unit with a periodicity of 6-10 seconds. The disc, of course, is not recognized: for this, it must go to the nominal speed, recalibrate and count the passport from the service area. As a result, the entire computer is inoperable.
The problem is exacerbated by the presence of several hard disks, which today often occurs (powerful workstations, gaming and multimedia machines, etc.). Sometimes a computer has to be equipped with a power unit with high power, only to cope with peak loads at start-up.
For comparison, in server designs, where half a dozen SCSI drives are normed from time immemorial, the spindle spinning is practiced alternately: the SCSI controller issues start commands to the discs at intervals of a few seconds. This significantly reduces the load on the BP, although it slows down the initialization of the server.
Standards ATA and SATA of this technology did not initially provide - the HDD started and went out immediately after the power supply. But life set the task, and for its decision took the producers. SATA controllers and disks began to appear, providing incremental promotion (Staggered Spin Up) as an extension of the standard.
Such a disk enters the Stand-By mode after the power is turned on, with the engine stopped, and waits for the controller command to spin the spindle. The controller then polls the disks one by one, according to the settings of its firmware. Thus, the danger of overloading the BP is eliminated almost imperceptibly for the user.
In one aspect, the protection of the railroad electronics has nevertheless improved. We are talking about protective diodes (also known as transits) installed at the input of 5 and 12 V supply circuits and reacting to overvoltage. At throws higher than the nominal value by 15-20% (6 and 14 V respectively), the diode breaks to the ground before a short circuit, and the protection in the power unit is triggered from it. As a result, the entire computer is de-energized, which prevents more serious damage. Protective diodes were the first to use Seagate in their disks, followed by Samsung and Hitachi.
If you are in this situation (with the drive connected, the computer does not turn on, but without it it works fine), then call the power supply circuits. The pierced diode can be replaced or simply removed (in the latter case.
Introduction
Asking questions at the forum, it is important not only the complexity of the issue but the style of its task. Not for nothing is there a proverb: "What is the question - this is the answer." This manual will teach you to ask questions in such a way as to increase the probability of obtaining a satisfactory answer. First of all, it is necessary to understand that experts really like difficult problems and good, capable of stirring up brains, questions about these problems. If we did not like it, we would not be experts. If we ask an interesting question that requires a lot of thought, we will be grateful for it; good questions are an incentive and a gift. Good questions help to better understand the subject and often reveal problems that were not previously noticed or thought about. From the mouth of the expert: "Good question!" is a big and sincere compliment.
Despite this, it is believed that we treat simple issues rather hostile or arrogant. Sometimes it seems that we are rude enough to beginners and ignore them. But actually, it is not. We are, undoubtedly, hostile to people who are presumably unwilling to think or learn before asking questions. Such people kill time - they take, without giving anything in return, they take away time that we could devote to another issue, more interesting, and to another person more worthy of an answer. We understand that for most people the computer is just an instrument, a means to an end; they have more interesting activities and other problems in life. We recognize this and do not expect that everyone will be interested in the technical nuances so attractive to us. Nevertheless, our style of answers to questions is suitable for people who are really interested in this and want to be active participants in the problem-solving process. It will not change. And it should not change; otherwise, we can not effectively do what we are best at. We (mostly) are volunteers. We devote time of our hard life to answering questions, and from time to time we do not cope with a flurry of questions. Therefore, we have to mercilessly "filter the market." In particular, to discard the issues of potential losers in order to spend the time allotted for answers more effectively, devoting it to the winners. If this position seems ridiculous, arrogant or arrogant, you are mistaken. We do not ask you to pray for us - in fact, most of us would like to communicate with you on an equal footing and take you into your culture if you make the necessary efforts to do this. But for us, it is simply inefficient to try to help people who do not want to help themselves. Being rude is normal, but pretending to be an idiot is not.
So, although it is not at all necessary to be technically competent to receive our attention, it is necessary to demonstrate the qualities that make it possible to become competent - attentiveness, thoughtfulness, observation, and the desire to actively participate in the development of a solution. If you can not accept this kind of discrimination, it makes sense to pay someone for commercial support, and not ask experts to help the gift personally to you. If you decide to contact us for help, do not become a loser. And do not act like a loser. The best way to get a quick and sensitive answer is to ask how a person is intelligent, confident and knowledgeable, who simply needed help in solving one particular problem.
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