Open source OS

Welcome to “Open source OS”.

Introduction

The open source operating system is the open source operating system software that can be used, compiled, and redistributed under the Open Source Agreement (GNU). Under the premise of compliance with the GNU protocol, anyone can freely use, free to control the software's operation.https://www.blogger.com

In the international open source operating system, the most famous one is "Linux operating system", which is a general term for computer operating system, the Chinese reading is rough "Linas." The Linux operating system kernel name is also "Linux". The Linux operating system is also the best-known example of free software and open source development. 

History of development

The history of open source operating systems is closely linked with GNU. The GNU program started in 1983, is devoted to developing a free and complete Unix-like operating system that includes software development tools and a variety of applications. By the time the Linux kernel was released in 1991, GNU had almost completed the development of a variety of prerequisite software in addition to the system kernel. With the efforts of Linus Torvalds and other developers, GNU components can run on the Linux kernel. The entire kernel is based on the GNU General Public License, also known as the GNU General Public License (GPL), but the Linux kernel is not part of the GNU project. March 1994, Linux1.0 officially released, Marc Ewing, founded Red Hat software company, becoming one of the most famous Linux distributors.  

The origins of Unix & Linux The early Linux bootloader (bootloader) is the use of LILO (Linux Loader), there are some unachievable flaws, such as unrecognized hard drive outside of 8G, later GRUB (Grand Unified Bootloader) to overcome These shortcomings, with 'dynamic search core files' feature, allows you to boot, you can edit your boot settings system files, through the ext2 or ext3 file system load Linux Kernel. Linux logo and mascot is a penguin named Tux, the origin of the logo is because Linus in Australia was bitten by a penguin in a zoo, they chose the penguin as a symbol of Linux. The registered trademark of Linux is owned by Linus Torvalds. This is because in 1996 a lawyer named William R. Della Croce began writing letters to Linux publishers stating he owns the Linux trademark and required publishers to pay royalties and the publishers appealed collectively Re-allocate the registered trademark to Linus Torvalds. Linus Torvalds has repeatedly stated that Linux is free, he can sell, but Linux must not be sold. Some versions of the Linux distribution are versions that do not need to be installed, just a CD or a bootable USB storage device, and they are called LiveCDs.

Features

Relative to non-open-source operating systems, such as Windows and Mac, the biggest feature of open source operating system is open source and free customization, but also because of the user's technical level and so there are many unpredictable conditions and maintenance issues, and because Most hardware and software vendors do not support open-source software, so it is very difficult to drive and source software, which requires that individual users need to pay attention to choosing according to their own actual conditions when choosing a system. This is also the reason why individuals use the open-source operating system The more difficult the main reason.

category

Unix-like class: Linux (This family of developers has thousands, thousands of distributions, covers all platforms and supports all file formats and all network protocols), FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD (all platforms), DrangonflyBSD, Darwin / OpenDarwin / PureDarwin, Minix, GNU Mach / GNU Hurd, L4 / Fiasco / Pistachio, syllable, Zen OS

Unix: OpenSolaris, AuroraUX, Plan9, Inferno - Plan 9.  

Linux open-source operating system

Linux open-source operating system

dos Category: Freedom

windows-like class: ReactOS

Original categories: House, KolibriOS, MenuetOS, HelenOS, OpenVMS

GoboLinux

GoboLinux is an open source operating system, the most prominent feature is the reorganization of the file system hierarchy. It does not follow the File System Hierarchy Standard (FHS) of previous UNIX-like operating systems. Under GoboLinux, each piece of software has its own subtree, which contains all the files it belongs to. Therefore, the exclusive files and libraries for the program "Foo" are under the "/ Programs / Foo" directory. Obviously, the "executable" file is located at "/ Programs / Foo". According to the GoboLinux developer's point of view, the point is to build a well-structured system at the file level.

XFree86

XFree86 is one of the implementations of the X Window System that has been evolving since 1992 in a freely available open source model. Its main operating platform is the Unix operating system, including all versions of UNIX, Linux, BSD, Solaris, Mac OS X, IRIX, OpenVMS and Cygwin / X.  

Starting in 2004, it no longer appeared as a GPL software license but was distributed using the XFree86 License version 1.1 software license owned by XFree86® Project. Currently, XFree86 is still under development by XFree86® Project Company, whose chief executive is David Dawes.  

From 1992 to 2004, XFree86 was the most widely used infrastructure platform for X-Window systems. Since then, XFree86 development due to software licenses divergence, derived from another XFree86 4.4 RC2 version of the source code, named X.Org server X window system. Most open source operating systems and developers using XFree86 have switched to using X.Org. XFree86 has completely stopped updating since 4.8.0 was released in late 2008.  

ReactOS

ReactOS is an open source operating system project developed for compatibility with Windows NT and Windows 2000 applications, hardware drivers. Although this project was only under internal alpha development, some of the subprojects had achieved their goals by January 2005.  

ReactOS is mainly written in C language. Some components are written in C ++, such as the ReactOS file browser.  

Portions of ReactOS are distributed under the GNU General Public License, the GNU Lesser General Public License and/or the BSD License.

To ensure that no part of the operating system is written by people who have seen the leaked Microsoft Windows source or that the reverse engineering process does not meet the Cleanroom design standards, a comprehensive source code review is ordered by major ReactOS developers. This review has been withdrawn.  

opportunity

Open source provides opportunities for developing operating systems. The advent of a transparent and open source operating system has given developers of operating system internal architectures the opportunity to gain an understanding of the operating system architecture and to leapfrog their knowledge in this area. Operating systems based on open source can save on development effort A lot of manpower, material and financial resources and time so that operating system developer can stand on the shoulders of giants move forward. Therefore, the development of the open source based operating system is undoubtedly a correct development route.

Many operating systems based on the Linux kernel come out one after another, such as Android, WebOS, MeeGo, etc., is based on the Linux kernel technology development path.

Architecture

The architecture of the operating system consists of the Base Layer, MiddleWare Layer, User Experience Layer, and separately configured software modules such as the Security Module.  

The bottom layer is mainly its Kernel. From the perspective of the developer, the middle layer mainly refers to the Development Environment and Runtime Environment. From the user's point of view, it mainly refers to various Functional Modules, Or application framework (Application Framework); user experience layer (UE = UI + Applications), formed by the user interface and various applications. Therefore, the operating system is a multi-tier architecture, multi-protocol, many components constitute the system.  

Kernel

Many operating systems are based on the Linux kernel. The Linux Foundation (the Linux community) is responsible for the development, distribution, and maintenance of all common versions of the "Linux Kernel" official or mainstay. Linux kernel-based operating system developers, you can choose a Linux kernel version as your operating system kernel, if you want to modify the trunk version to form their own branch kernel version, you must modify the part of the timely feedback Give the mainframe maintenance managers their approval of the changes and register with the main Linux kernel, eventually making the core of the branch a member of the Linux kernel family.  

Android is based on the Linux kernel operating system. Google Android development team in the process of developing the Android operating system, the driver has been configured in the Linux kernel driver module to the Linux kernel, they also redefined, add some functional modules (such as power management module, etc.), after the amendment Once caused the Linux community and Google Android development team, the conflict of opinion, but eventually reached consensus through consultations. The above case shows that when Google changes the trunk "Linux kernel" into its own branch "Android kernel", it must obtain the approval of the backbone Linux kernel maintenance manager and register it with "Android kernel" as part of the "Linux kernel".