Computer tech

Welcome to my “Computer tech.” 

Computer technology used in the field of technical methods and technical means. Computer technology has obvious integrated features, it is closely integrated with the electronic engineering, applied physics, mechanical engineering, modern communication technology, and mathematics, developed rapidly.https://www.blogger.com

The first general-purpose computer, ENIAC, was based on radar pulses, nuclear physics and electronic counting techniques, and communications technologies. The development of electronic technology, especially microelectronic technology, has a significant impact on computer technology. The two are interpenetrated and closely integrated. Applied physics achievements have provided the conditions for the development of computer technology: vacuum electronic technology, magnetic recording technology, optical and laser technology, superconducting technology, optical fiber technology, thermal and photosensitive technology, are widely used in computers.

Mechanical engineering, especially precision machinery and technology and measurement technology, is the technical backbone of the external computer equipment. With the progress of computer technology and communication technology, as well as the growing social demand for computer networking to achieve resource sharing, computer technology, and communication technology have also been closely integrated and will become a strong material and technological basis for society.

Discrete mathematics, algorithm theory, language theory, cybernetics, information theory and automaton theory provide an important theoretical basis for the development of computer technology. Computer technology is produced and developed on the basis of many disciplines and industrial technologies and is widely used in almost all fields of science and technology and national economy.

System Technology Editor

The technology that a computer uses as a complete system. Mainly system structure technology, system management technology, system maintenance technology, and system application technology.

System Architecture Technology

Its role is to make the computer system to obtain a good problem-solving efficiency and reasonable cost performance. Advances in electronic devices, advances in micro-program design and solid-state engineering, virtual memory technology, and operating systems and programming languages have had a major impact on computer system architecture. It has become a tightly integrated computer hardware, firmware, and software and involved multidisciplinary techniques such as electrical engineering, microelectronics engineering, and computer science theory.

System Management Technology

Computer system management automation is achieved by the operating system. The basic purpose of the operating system is to make the most efficient use of computer software and hardware resources to improve the throughput capacity of machines, to solve problems, to facilitate operation and use, to improve the reliability of the system and to reduce the cost of calculation.

System Maintenance Technology

A computer system to automatically maintain and diagnose the technology. The main software that implements maintenance diagnostics automation is the function checking program and the automatic diagnosis program. Functional check procedures for all parts of the computer system, all the micro-features of their own to a rigorous data-graphics or actions re-test test and compare the results of the test is correct, to determine whether the work part is working properly.

System Application Technology

Computer systems are widely used. Program design automation and software engineering are two aspects that are generally related to the application. Program design automation, that is, the computer automatically design procedures, is to make the computer necessary to promote the conditions. Earlier computers rely on human-machine programmed instructions that are time to consume, error-prone, and difficult to read and debug.

Device Technology Editor

Electronic devices are the material base of computer systems. The most basic circuits of computer complicated logic are AND gate, OR gate and inverter. The resulting high line has "combinatorial logic" and "sequential logic" two categories. This logic by electronic devices to achieve, usually electronic devices in the technological transformation as a sign of computer programming. Computer device technology, from vacuum electronics in the 1950s to very large scale integrated circuits in the 1980s, has undergone several major stages of development, increasing the machine assembly density by about 4 orders of magnitude, increasing the speed by about 5 to 6 orders of magnitude and improving reliability About 4 orders of magnitude (in terms of device failure rate), power consumption is reduced by about 3 to 4 orders of magnitude (with a single "gate" as a comparison unit) and the price is reduced by about 4 to 5 orders of magnitude (compared to a single "gate" unit). Advances in device technology have greatly increased the cost-effectiveness of computer systems.

Component Technology Editor

Computer systems consist of a large number and a wide variety of components. Various components of the technical content are very rich, there are computing and control technology, information storage technology and information input and output technologies.

① Computing and control technology

Computing and logic functions of a computer are primarily implemented by a central processor, main memory, channel or I / O processor, and various external device controller components. The central processor at the core. The research results of arithmetic algorithms have an important role in accelerating the four arithmetic operations, especially the multiplication and division operations. With the reduction of the device prices, the carry-on and shift-down time can be shortened logically.

Instruction overlap, instruction parallelism, pipelining, and cache technology enhance CPU speed. The application of micro-program technology makes the stochastic and difficult-to-change stochastic control logic more flexible and regular. It applies the concept of programming to the realization of machine instructions, which is a great improvement on the control logic design method. However, Due to the speed limit, used for medium and small computers, channels and external equipment components controller. Various controls of the early computers were focused on the processor, making the system inefficient.

Multi-channel program and time-sharing system technology and various memory and input / output components in the function and technology development, so that the management of computer systems and transmission of information become an important issue, the control of the computer from centralized to distributed, There have been memory control technology and channels, external equipment components control technology.

② Information storage technology

Storage technology allows computers to store extremely large amounts of data and programs in the system for high-speed processing. Due to the sharp contradiction between storage capacity, speed and price, the memory has to adopt a hierarchical system to form a hierarchy of memory. From top to bottom, the memory can be divided into a cache memory, a high-speed main memory Memory) and large-capacity external memory. The main memory is the core of the storage system, directly involved in the internal operation of the processor, so it should have the appropriate speed and sufficient capacity with the processor. Although many kinds of storage methods based on different physical principles have appeared since the 1950s, they have not achieved the desired results. In the mid-1950s, the ferrite core memory was introduced and used for more than 20 years. Until the mid-1970s MOS memory technology was gradually phased out.

MOS memory in the speed, price, power consumption, reliability and process performance, etc. have great advantages, the main memory is an ideal means. Main memory speed, has been unable to keep up with the processor, generally 5 to 10 times slower. To give full play to the potential of the processor, a cache has emerged. Caches are usually constructed from bipolar devices of the same type as the processor to match the speed of the two, but typically cost only a few percent of the main memory due to the higher price.

A huge amount of computer data is stored in slower, lower-priced external storage, such as disk drives and tape drives. The hierarchical structure of the memory relatively ease the contradiction between the speed, capacity, price, but to the user the difficulty of scheduling storage space. To this end, the general hardware automatically cache space scheduling to make it transparent to users; virtual storage method (see virtual memory), operating system software in support of the implementation of automatic scheduling between main memory and external memory.

③ Information input and output technology

Input and output devices are the means by which computers send data and programs and send results. The basic method of inputting is to use punched cards or tapes as the carrier to send data and programs to the computer via a card or tape input machine. The data input method (ie data input station) of keyed floppy disks appearing in the early 1970s has been gradually popularized. The text and data printing (or handwriting) body directly into the computer's optical text reader have been achieved, the voice-image directly into the computer technology has also achieved some results.

In the output, the most common is based on the hit technology based on the various types of printers, but the speed is limited by the mechanical movement. Non-beating technology output device can significantly increase the speed, there are mainly directed to the voltage applied to the dielectric coating paper to obtain electrostatic latent images of the electrostatic printer; by laser on the photoconductor drum to form electrostatic latent image of the laser electrostatic printer; The use of ink mist dot charge deflection by the electrode to form a text inkjet printer. As a light output means, the use of thermal paper under the principle of the thermal discoloration thermal printer is more popular. Man-machine dialogue output multi-use picture tube image display terminal equipment. Computer input and output technology are moving towards intelligent development.

Assembly Technology Editor

Assembling technology is closely related to the reliability of computer system, the convenience of maintenance and debugging, the production process and the delay of information transmission. The reliability of computer electronics declines as the ambient temperature and humidity increase. Dust build-up can cause shorts or breaks in the plug-in or backplane, so cooling and air conditioning are important issues that assembly techniques need to address. Commonly used methods are the direct introduction of liquid Freon into the cooling of the plug-in cooling method; with Freon to make water cooling, and then cold water into the card cooling fins; with freon air cooling, and then cold air into the machine Forced air-cooled warehouse and so on. The first two process structure is more complicated, so the use of air-cooled. Another issue that needs to be addressed in assembly technology is to increase the packing density. After the computer device enters the sub-nanosecond level, the signal delay caused by a few centimeters of wire has been enough to affect the normal operation of the machine, making the assembly density problem more prominent. Changes in computer electronics have a tremendous impact on the assembly technology, the progress of assembly technology has always been coordinated with the computer replacement, continue to small, miniaturization. In the tube period, a "door" is a plug-in, with welding nails, wire brazing. Transistors increase the packing density by an order of magnitude, with each plug-in containing several "gates" assembled in one-sided or two-sided boards. Integrated circuit will absorb the past plug-ins within the device, while the use of multi-layer printed circuit board and backplane, as well as the connection process, greatly improving the assembly density. The application of large-scale and VLSI gate arrays makes the assembly miniaturized. The typical method is to solder the bare chip of an integrated circuit to as many as 30 layers of ceramic chips to form a module, and then the module is soldered to more than ten layers Printed on the floor.

Development trend editor

Computer technology is facing a series of major new changes. The simple hardware and specialized logic of the Neumann system have not been able to adapt to the ever-increasing complexity of software and the ever-increasing complexity of its tasks. They are required to create a new system that obeys the software needs and the natural logic of the subject. Parallel, Lenovo, dedicated functional and hardware, firmware, software complex, is the important realization of the new system. The computer will be from information processing, data processing to knowledge processing, the knowledge base will replace the database. Human-machine conversation, such as natural language, patterns, images, handwriting, etc., will be the main form of input and output that will make people-to-people relationships more advanced. GaAs devices will replace silicon devices.

Method edit

Before you learn a computer, you should first eliminate the strain on the computer. In fact, learning a computer is very easy. A computer is not a mysterious one. It is just a tool. The internal working principle of a computer is complicated, but you do not need to know the esoteric principles. How to use on the line, the use of the computer is relatively simple, and the use of television sets, video recorders no difference, use the remote control to select TV channels, the channel shows on the TV screen, the same, as long as the computer to give some instructions Will work according to the requirements, and second, do not be intimidated by the "deep" vocabulary of the computer, such as "Windows", "mouse", "control panel" >>. They are just the names of some parts and documents and do not require in-depth understanding.

Thirdly, we should know a little about the composition and development of computer knowledge, the knowledge of the hardware part of the computer knowledge and the knowledge of the hardware part, the knowledge of the hardware part, such as the principle of the computer, the assembly of the hardware, the knowledge of the software, Such as the use of the operating system (win-dows), the use of language programs, the use of office software office, the general non-professional computer users as long as the first master of the software part of the knowledge is enough, when familiar with this knowledge, it will naturally be And he, from the table and the other to master the computer's other knowledge.

Commonly used knowledge editing

Now the popular, commonly used computer knowledge classification, learn about the use of computer knowledge.

(2) Windows; proficient use of operating system knowledge: (3) office software applications: skilled in daily work, tabulation, data processing and output (1) basic computer knowledge: to be proficient in using the keyboard and the blind hit the English word; ; (4) database applications: daily work done on the data using database language programming, the computer batch completed; (5) graphics and image processing: graphics and image processing software; (6) installation and commissioning: the computer assembly, Understand each part function.

Learning method editor

Software knowledge and development updates are fast, as operating system software from DOS2.0 in 1988 to today's Windows2000 has updated eight or nine versions. In fact, the update of computer knowledge is not completely overhaul, but in the original function to expand and improve, let the computer to intelligent development, and people closer to the master of today's software mastered the updated software, the use of a new expansion Function, will be more understanding of the computer, in front of the computer before learning to make some understanding of the computer, the computer to throw away the tension, with a relaxed mood to talk about computer learning methods.

Traditional methods, step by step

According to just the classification of computer knowledge step by step from the basic knowledge of computer learning, learning junior high school, and then learn the other branches of the computer. This learning may not be effective at first, but you will find it easier to learn more about your computer and to learn about other computer software. That is to say, through the accumulation of knowledge, the comprehension of computer knowledge has been strengthened. To a certain extent, when computers have knowledge of all aspects, they will feel that the computer is only so.

What do you need to learn?

If your work requires some computer knowledge, you can begin to learn about this area of computer knowledge without worrying about other aspects of computer knowledge. By carefully studying the computer knowledge you need, you can also learn the computer and work directly with it. Work, make better grades. This is the computer knowledge can be separated from the school, when familiar with this knowledge, you can learn the other side of the computer knowledge, that is, from this and his study, the same can completely grasp the computer. The computer is a tool to help work and life, what you need to learn what. This is enough.

More on the machine, more hands-on

The key to learning a good computer is "getting on the machine," and you have to be more hands-on with computers so that you can apply what you have learned about your computer knowledge to a better understanding of the various temperaments in your computer. In general, the best time to go to school and learn is 3: 1, you learn an hour, on the machine for three hours, and learning an hour instead of the machine, the effect is completely different. In the process of the machine will find a lot of problems, you can improve yourself. The importance of the machine is also reflected in the computer, even know nothing about the computer, but also need to use it, as long as the boot, press the book prompts to operate it directly, you can grasp it in a few minutes, use it It's

In short, according to the need to choose a learning method.